Learn about the key technologies and capabilities available in the macOS SDK, the toolkit you use to build apps for Mac. For detailed information on API changes in the latest released versions, including each beta release, see the macOS Release Notes.
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Xplorer2 is an outstanding product that has really improved my file management productivity. I looked at other competing products but the power of this tool along with the active development so. Qualified Purchasers can receive Promotion Savings when they purchase an eligible Mac or eligible iPad with AirPods at a Qualifying Location. Only one Promotion Product per eligible Mac or eligible iPad per Qualified Purchaser. Offer subject to availability. While supplies last. Subject to terms and conditions herein.
macOS 11
With the macOS 11 SDK, your app can take advantage of a redesigned user interface, widgets in Notification Center, and new SwiftUI layouts. Machine learning adds style transfer and action classification to models that are ready to be trained, and offers a CloudKit-based deployment solution. Vision API additions help your app analyze image and video more thoroughly. You can include markups in your emails and websites that help Siri Event Suggestions surface your events. And Safari adds web extensions to further customize the browsing experience, while other browsers can now contribute Screen Time web-usage data.
New User Interface
macOS 11 introduces a redesigned user interface that enhances usability and approachability, and provides greater consistency with iPadOS. Most existing macOS apps that use system-provided controls automatically adopt the new appearance. If your app has a custom appearance, visit the macOS Human Interface Guidelines to learn how to update your app so it continues looking great for users.
AppKit introduces a variety of changes to interface elements, including alerts, browsers, buttons, menus, search fields, segmented controls, and toolbars. For details, see AppKit Release Notes.
App Store Privacy Information
Privacy is at the core of the entire macOS experience, and new privacy information in the Mac App Store gives users even more transparency and control over their personal information. Later this year, the Mac App Store will help users understand apps’ privacy practices, and you’ll need to enter your privacy practice details into App Store Connect for display on your Mac App Store product page.
Widgets
Widgets give users quick access to timely, at-a-glance information from your app in the macOS Notification Center. macOS 11 offers a redesigned widget experience. Your app can present widgets in multiple sizes, allow user customization, include interactive features, and update content at appropriate times. To learn about designing widgets, see the Human Interface Guidelines. To learn how to support widgets in your app, see the WidgetKit framework.
Mac Catalyst
Apps built with Mac Catalyst automatically adopt the new look of macOS 11 and make full use of the native screen resolution of Mac. macOS 11 has new and improved APIs for keyboards, menus, toolbars, color panels, and more, giving you greater control over the look and behavior of your app. To learn how to get full control of every pixel of the interface and Mac-specific controls, such as pull-down menus and checkboxes, see Choosing a User Interface Idiom for Your Mac App. To learn more about building Mac versions of your iPad apps, see the Mac Catalyst documentation.
Machine Learning
Your machine learning apps gain new functionality, flexibility, and security with the updates in macOS 11. Core ML adds model deployment with a dashboard for hosting and deploying models using CloudKit, so you can easily make updates to your models without updating your app or hosting the models yourself. Core ML model encryption adds another layer of security for your models, handling the encryption process and key management for you. The Core ML converter supports direct conversion of PyTorch models to Core ML.
The Create ML app’s new Style Transfer template stylizes photos and videos in real time, and the new Action Classification template classifies a single person’s actions in a video clip. The Object Detection and Word Tagger templates have new transfer learning options to approve model accuracy when training data is limited. Training control helps you explore models and interact with them during model training. And ML Compute takes advantage of GPUs to accelerate training on the Mac. For more information, see the Core ML, Create ML, and ML Compute developer documentation.
Vision
With macOS 11, the Vision framework has added APIs for trajectory detection in video, hand and body pose estimation for images and video, contour detection to trace the edges of objects and features in image and video, and optical flow to define the pattern of motion between consecutive video frames. To learn more about these features, see the Vision framework documentation. In particular, read Building a Feature-Rich App for Sports Analysis to find out how these features come together in a sample app.
Natural Language
The Natural Language framework has new API to provide sentence embedding that creates a vector representation of any string; word tagging to train models that classify natural language, customized for your specific domain; and confidence scores that rank the framework’s predictions. For more information, see the Natural Language framework documentation.
SwiftUI
SwiftUI provides a selection of new built-in views, including a progress indicator and a text editor. It also supports new view layouts, like grids and outlines. Grids and the new lazy version of stacks load items only as needed.
Starting in Xcode 12, you can now use SwiftUI to define the structure and behavior of an entire app. Compose your app from scenes containing the view hierarchies that define an app's user interface. Add menu commands, handle life-cycle events, invoke system actions, and manage storage across all of your apps. By incorporating WidgetKit into your app, you can also create widgets that provide quick access to important content right on the iOS Home screen or the macOS Notification Center. For more information, see App Structure and Behavior.
Safari Web Extensions
Users can customize Safari with new functionality and features by adding your extensions. You can now leverage Safari Web Extensions inside Safari and access migration tools that make it easy to convert popular extensions for other browsers to Safari. Safari extensions also give users privacy control — they can decide which sites an extension can work with and give it access just once, all day, or all the time. The new Extensions category on the Mac App Store showcases Safari extensions, with editorial spotlights and top charts.
Family Sharing for In-App Purchases
Family Sharing is a simple way for users to share subscriptions, purchases, and more with everyone in their household. And with macOS 11, you can choose to offer Family Sharing for your users’ in-app purchases and subscriptions so their whole family can enjoy the added benefits. Invisible 2 3 – easily hide your personal files smaller. See the SKProduct and SKPaymentTransactionObserver for the new APIs.
Device Drivers
The DriverKit frameworks add new features to support creating device drivers that the user installs on their Mac. Drivers built with the DriverKit frameworks run in the user space, rather than as kernel extensions, for improved system security and stability. macOS 11 introduces the SCSIControllerDriverKit framework for developing drivers for SCSI protocol-based devices.
Uniform Type Identifiers
Use the new Uniform Type Identifiers framework to describe file formats and in-memory data for transfer, such as the pasteboard; and to identify resources, such as directories, volumes, and packages.
Accessibility
A new Accessibility framework lets your app dynamically deliver a subset of accessible content to a user based on context.
File Compression
Use the new Apple Archive framework to perform fast, multithreaded, lossless compression of directories, files, and data in macOS.
Screen Time
macOS 11 includes Screen Time APIs for sharing and managing web-usage data and observing changes a parent or guardian makes. For more details, see the Screen Time framework documentation.
xplorer² Quick Start Guide
File exploring reinvented: Feel like home miles away from home
File exploring reinvented: Feel like home miles away from home
Examine and maintain your filesystem
Daily heavy-duty work on a PC will invariably result in a system that is suboptimal at best and unstable at worst. xplorer² has a number of advanced commands that help you restore order and reclaim wasted hard disk space.
Comparing & synchronizing folders
Many times you have two or more folders that have the same contents and you want to keep them synchronized, i.e. make sure all 'versions' stay updated whenever you make changes to one of them. One way to achieve this would be to use folder junctions or hard links but this isn't always convenient. One of the folders may be on a floppy disk or on a remote computer, a zip file, FTP site, etc, where these advanced linking techniques won't help you.
That's when xplorer² and its dual pane layout comes in handy. It is ideal for comparing the contents of any two folders, and finding items that are missing from either one, or have been changed in any way. Once you identify the differences, you can decide how to deal with them.
The dialog in figure 9 (Mark | Sync wizard command) indicates that comparison has two facets; first you determine how you want to compare items and then which items to mark. The large number of combinations allows you to do all sorts of checks to suit your synchronization needs.
Figure 9. Folder comparison dialog
The comparison logic first tries to match items left and right using the filename as a guide. If a file in one folder doesn't have a matching namesake in the other folder, it is immediately considered unique (cf. the checkboxes in figure 9). If a file exists in both folders, the two copies are compared for differences, using the mechanism you specify:
- Modification date. This is the fastest way, when the date each file was last changed is used to determine if the two files are identical, and if not, which one is newer (the other one will then be older).
- File content. When dates are unreliable for one reason or other, you can check the actual data in the two files. This is a much slower but infallible method to compare for identity or otherwise. Note that when differences are found, there's no way to tell which file is 'newer' so xplorer² arbitrarily considers the version in the active pane as newer and the one in the inactive as older. If in doubt you should open the files and manually inspect the content.
- Name only. This quick-n-dirty scheme will just find items that are missing from either folder. Files that exist in both folders are considered 'identical' without further checks for dates or contents.
- Custom property. Any piece of file metadata (column) can be used, typically some date other than last modified. So a file can be newer or identical in terms of date created or date picture taken, depending on the column you select.
NOTE: When comparisons are based on date modified (or any other date) two items are considered different if their dates are more than +/- 2 seconds apart. You can use the Ignore tickbox at the bottom of the synchronization dialog to specify a different interval to ignore. E.g. if a change in daylight savings DST resulted in artificial 1-hour differences, you can set it to ignore this 1 hour — files differing by up to 1 hour will be considered identical as long as their size matches. |
The relationship between files is fixed by their properties and the comparison scheme you select. The second phase is to decide which files you want to mark, ear-tag them for further processing. There are checkboxes for all item states and you can check as many of them as you wish - although not all combinations make sense, e.g. selecting both 'older' and 'newer' files. The drop-down menu lists some common scenarios for your convenience.
A typical scenario is to select unique and newer files. By copying them to the 'passive' folder you ensure that the files in both folders are the same, both in number and most recent content. Note that there may be unique and newer items in both folders - obviously not the same items - that need to be carried across. Let's take a look at an example.
Figure 10. Results of a sample folder comparison
The figure shows the results of a <F9> command on two folders. On the left there are 3 unique files that don't exist on the right (todo, x2help.css, x2tips.rtf), a file that is newer (x2tips.rtf, please check the modification dates left & right) and a file that is the same in both folders (x2help.htm). All the marked files must be copied to the inactive pane to establish 'synchronization' of contents. But also note that there is a unique file marked in the right pane (New File) that also needs to be copied to the left folder.
Also notice that on the right pane there is an extra folder called ed3 but this wasn't marked by the <F9> command. By default folders are excluded from comparisons, unless you check Consider folders, too (see figure 9).
Sometimes you may need to synchronize folders including their subfolders, as in the situation depicted in figure 11. If the hierarchy is shallow (few folders) you can turn on mirror browsing (Go to menu) and let xplorer² keep the inactive pane in the right folder, as you browse folders in the active pane. As an example, starting from folders A: and c:documentskenny in the active and inactive panes respectively, if you browse into A:help the inactive pane will automatically follow to read c:documentskennyhelp. This mirroring will continue in both down and up direction, as long as folders with matching names exist.
Figure 11. Synchronizing folder hierarchies
[PRO]: Deep synchronization
When many subfolders are involved, mirror browsing is cumbersome. You can take advantage of flat folder views and use a dual scrap frame (use View | Dual pane) to browse all the files involved in the two hierarchies. If there is a good match between subfolders as in figure 11, the same <F9> command will reveal all the changes that need to be made but now acting on all subfolders simultaneously.
The easiest way to compare two folder hierarchies is to browse the required root folders in a normal dual-pane window and pick Tools | Compare subfolders. This command will open a dual scrap window, flattening each hierarchy in a separate pane and will also launch the synchronization command. If grouping is supported, items will be grouped by folder helping you to inspect the comparison results.
Once files are marked, use the special Edit | Sync-o-paste command available in scrap containers to copy all the files in their matching folders. So items selected in A: will end up in c:documentskenny, those in A:help will end up in c:documentskennyhelp and so on. Note that Sync-o-paste acts on the selected items and doesn't require a prior Edit | Copy command.
NOTE: Scrap containers may host items from arbitrary locations. The deep synchronization logic tries to match folders first, and then applies the usual content comparison procedure for each folder pair. Sometimes it won't be possible to match all folders left & right, when the hierarchies are completely different. In such cases there will be a lot of items left in an undetermined state, and a little red question mark will appear overlaid on their icon. If you want to compare items that don't belong to similar folder structures, you can try checking Loose name matching option (figure 9); this will compare items matching just names - ignoring folders - but you won't be able to use the sync-o-paste command on the results. Multiple same-name items are matched in the order they are listed in each pane. |
If you find this form of deep synchronization a bit of a headache you can try an alternative that is based on robust copy <F5> command. Selecting Overwrite if newer else skiptransfer option will result in copying only files that are new or changed, just as if you did a synchronization based on modification dates - and it doesn't need scrap containers or any prior synchronization commands! This will work best if you have all the changes in one folder hierarchy and you want to mirror them to some other 'backup' location.
Checking file transformations
The folder synchronization command just described checks for modifications of different versions of the same file. A variation on this theme is checking the state of file transformations, when the compared filenames are slightly different.
If you are involved in programming, then you will recognise this situation as compilation of source code to object files. So starting from a C++ file xplorer2.cpp the compiler churns out the machine translation in a new file called xplorer2.o - notice the change of extension from .cpp to .o. Mark | Check build command checks the states of source files comparing them to their 'transformed' versions.
Figure 12. 'Make' check dialog
The dialog shown in the above figure accepts as input the transformation rule, which observes the source and target filename extensions. Folx pro key. It can be seen that multiple comma-separated extensions can be used to check for all compilation projects in one stroke. Also note that a generic wildcard is accepted for the From field whereas the To field must be just the target extension(s), without the '.' (e.g. type o instead of .o).
Once source and target files are matched their modification dates are examined to figure out which is newer. If the source is newer, it must have been modified since last build (cf. figure 12 checkboxes) and it requires re-compilation. If the target is newer then it is up to date, whereas if it doesn't exist at all the source is not built. You can check as many boxes as you want to tell xplorer² which source files to select. Let's take an example.
Figure 13. Sample project check
Using the options in figure 12 on a pair of hypothetical source and target folders, xplorer² marks all source files that require compilation. The file application.cpp was modified after it was last built (check the date of its target application.obj) so it is marked. browserView.cpp hasn't been compiled at all (no browserView.obj exists in the inactive pane), so it is 'not built' and hence marked. addressBar.cpp on the other hand is up to date, and finally Alpha.txt is completely irrelevant for this transformation rule so it is left unselected.
Like the folder synchronization command, Mark | Check build merely ear-marks files that require building without actually taking any further action. It is up to the user to decide what to do with the selection afterwards, e.g. generate a script file that executes the compiler for each source file.
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NOTE: This command doesn't make claims of being a substitute for make type tools. For instance it cannot check for cross-dependencies from modified header files etc. Still it can be useful for simpler scenarios like MatLab projects. |
[PRO] Detecting duplicate files
What if you have a ton of MP3s collected and you are not sure how many times you have Christina Aguillera's 'Dirty' (this must be a video then :) , or John Abercrombie's 'Back wood song', eating up your hard disk space? Enter the duplicate finder.
Duplicates come in many guises. In the simplest case a file will exist in many carbon copies using the same name. A little bit trickier is when a file exists with many different names but the same data content. Tools | Check duplicates command (in scrap windows) will help you detect all these kinds of extra files.
The procedure is as follows. First you open a Window | Scrap container; then fill it in with all the suspected duplicate items; finally launch the duplicate checker command from Tools menu to examine the contents. Magic bullet color. Note that the command only considers the items in the scrap container, so you have the flexibility to hand pick selected suspect folders. Alternatively you can flatten your whole 'My Computer' folder that includes all your hard disks and do a thorough - albeit time consuming - investigation. Most of the times it would suffice to flatten 'My Documents' folder.
Figure 14. Duplicates' detection parameters dialog
The options set in the dialog determine how the investigation is to proceed. You can have any combination of boxes checked but the fastest would be to assume that duplicates will have the same name, modification date and size. (Sometimes detecting duplicates is as simple as sorting the scrap contents by size or by checksum and visually inspecting for items that have the same size or checksum.)
Custom file properties can also be used as criteria for 'sameness'. Select the property you want using the drop-down box and you can extend the duplicates tester in creative ways (e.g. find all music files by the same artist or owner)
If you suspect you have identical files with different names or/and timestamps, then you can clear all boxes except for content. This is the most robust detection mechanism but at the same time very time consuming, since each file is compared to each and every other file in the container, regardless of their name.
After the command finishes its work, all files that match the user criteria are bunched together in groups with different background color as in figure 15. All unique items are hidden. The example situation started with 8 files (shown in the inactive pane). Three pairs of duplicates were detected and the unique items like kenny.dsw were removed from view.
Figure 15. Sample duplicate files (in dual pane for clarity)
If you intend to delete duplicate files, please make sure you check Select all duplicates box in the dialog (figure 14) before you go ahead with the command.
TIP: This command can't tell which is the 'original' out of the identical files, but it uses the initial order of the items, leaving the first one unselected and marking all the others. If you want to keep the older copy then make sure you sort by Modification date - from older to newer - before starting the duplicates checker. |
Such listings provide preliminary evidence of duplicate files. Depending on your dialog parameters you may need further proof before actually deleting the redundant copies. A good guide is the checksum column that you can activate using View | Select columns. It shows a numeric 'summary' of a file's contents. When checksums are different files are 100% different; equal checksums on the other hand do not guarantee identity - although they imply a strong possibility that the files are identical.
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Once you are confident about extra files being duplicates, you can delete them using File | Delete - or pressing <Ctrl+Delete>.
Technically speaking, when duplicate files are shown, the pane is both filtered since unique files are hidden from view (notice the filter icon on the statusbar of figure 15), and unsorted since files are displayed in groups regardless of the original sort order. You can cancel this mode using Tools | Reveal unique or View | Show all.
[PRO] Discover similar and bad quality photos
Another source of clutter in your hard disk is your photo collection. It is very easy to snap lots of photos with your mobile phone or camera, but not all of them are worth keeping:
- Bad quality. Over- or under-exposed pictures, blurry or shaken, they needn't be preserved for posterity!
- Near duplicates. If you took 10 pictures in rapid succession to capture the moment, do you need to keep all of them?
xplorer² has commands that let you quickly discover bad and similar pictures, offering you the option to delete them and clean up your disk space. First you can choose the Blur file detail (use <ALT+K> keys to choose columns in detailed view mode). For JPG pictures it shows a number, which is big for pictures that are suspect; values greater than 100 indicate bad quality, whereas smaller values indicate smaller defects. Sort your picture collection by this column to bunch the bad pictures together, then inspect and delete what is not worth keeping.
To get rid of similar pictures, flatten a picture folder or use any other means to fill up a scrap container window with JPG photos to examine. Use Tools | Find similar photos menu command (or if using the Ribbon UI see under Duplicates button on the Home tab) to group them by similarity. Whereas checking for duplicates will only find files (pictures) that are exactly identical, this command finds pictures that are slightly changed.
Figure 15c. Find similar pictures dialog
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The dialog controls how similar pictures are found. To achieve reasonable detection speeds, it examines pictures either by filename or by modification dates, so that it only considers pictures that are likely to resemble each other (shot one after the other). Alternatively you can choose As they appear in pane radio button if you want to be in charge of the order photos are examined (e.g. in whatever sort order is in effect).You can tweak the similarity threshold up or down, to match pictures that are more closely (or loosely) related.
Any similar photos found will be placed in groups, as per the duplicate checker function (i.e. in bands organized by Group ID column) and thumbnail view mode will be automatically enabled to let you compare the similarities discovered. Then just select and delete those you don't need, leaving 1-2 best pictures per group.
NOTE: Both blur detection and photo similarity are probabilistic methods based on artificial intelligence algorithms (SVMs). As such they are not perfect and should be taken with a pinch of salt. But even if you only find some of your bad pictures automatically, it is still a significant help compared to manually going over your photos one by one! |
[PRO] Fuzzy grouping
Fuzzy grouping is an interesting (albeit oddball) feature that could be put in various uses. It uses fuzzy matching to group together items that are similar but not identical. For example, we can put all our music album folders in a scrap container, then use Tools | Fuzzy groups menu command to group the folders by similarity. Just watch the groups in the following picture:
Figure 15a. Group similar filenames with fuzzy grouping
As you can see, using a 40% fuzzy factor, the first group contains all folders that contain 'Abercrombie' in the title, the third group has works by Keith Jarrett and so on. The command picks up the groups automatically. If you make the factor bigger (say 60), the fuzziness decreases, so items have to be more alike to be groupped together. For best results try a few different values until you hit on the desired groupings.
Fuzzy grouping is a special case of custom grouping.
If you use a regular expression (instead of a number) as the fuzzy factor, you can identify common substrings in filenames or other properties, and group on them. Let's use an example, consider these files:
alpha (2002).mp4
beta (2002) action.mp4
New File 2123
old (2001).mov
alien (2001).mp3
beta (2002) action.mp4
New File 2123
old (2001).mov
alien (2001).mp3
Four of these have a year, or 4 digit number, in brackets. If we use the regular expression (d{4}) that matches this pattern for a fuzzy factor, we will generate these automatic groups:
Figure 15b. Group filenames with common parts using regular expression
See how the file that doesn't have a year in brackets ends up in the unspecified (non-matching) group.
Here's another use of this command. If you browse shell:recent folder of recently accessed documents, you cannot arrange by file type because all files in there are shortcuts; the .LNK extension is masking out the real file type. You can work around this problem putting all items in a scrap window and do a fuzzy group on NAME [S] property (not full name) and this regular expression:
.*
You will see that files are grouped by their original extension!
Xplorer2 Style Finder Replacement For Mac Pro
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Xplorer2 Style Finder Replacement For Mac Download
Xplorer2 Style Finder Replacement For Mac Pro
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